Standard care. Early disease: hysterectomy, with or without adjuvant therapy. Locally advanced disease: chemoradiation, with dostarlimab in selected cases. Recurrent or metastatic disease is treated by mismatch-repair status. Mismatch-repair-deficient tumors (dMMR, also written MSI-high: the tumor's DNA-repair system is broken, so it often responds to immunotherapy): chemotherapy with dostarlimab (Jemperli; the RUBY trial) or with pembrolizumab (NRG-GY018). Mismatch-repair-proficient tumors (pMMR: the repair system is intact and the tumor is immunologically quiet): chemotherapy with immunotherapy, or lenvatinib with pembrolizumab after platinum. HER2-positive serous carcinoma: trastuzumab-based regimens. Options narrow after progression on these lines.
Ablation alone. Thermal ablation is limited in the pelvis by the bladder, the rectum and the ureters.
This approach. Image-guided ablation of one tumor, often by non-thermal pulsed electric field (PEF) ablation because of the pelvic anatomy, followed by intratumoral immunotherapy injected into the ablation bed through the same access. The two mismatch-repair groups call for different tactics. For dMMR disease that has progressed on dostarlimab, WCI's injected immunotherapy aims at fresh effector-cell responses, on the hypothesis that the problem after checkpoint progression is T-cell exhaustion rather than a lack of antigen. For pMMR disease, which is immune-cold, the injected immunotherapy is aimed at converting the tumor locally. This combination is offered under physician review. In our clinical observations, a systemic (abscopal) effect occurs at untreated sites. Results vary.
The procedure, step by step
- Case review and protocol design. Pelvic MRI, PET/CT, and the molecular report (MMR/MSI status, p53, POLE, HER2, ER/PR). The intratumoral combination is tuned to the molecular subtype and to prior lines of treatment.
- Guidance and access. Image-guided percutaneous access to the target, by CT or ultrasound according to site: pelvic, nodal, peritoneal or distant.
- Ablation. Non-thermal PEF ablation where the tumor abuts bladder, rectum or ureters; cryoablation where appropriate.
- Intratumoral immunotherapy. Through the same access, into the ablation bed, with the combination chosen by mismatch-repair status as described above.
- Setting and time. Most procedures are outpatient under conscious sedation; general anesthesia or an overnight stay is rarely required. About an hour for the procedure, about two hours' recovery.
- Follow-up. Imaging at 6 to 8 weeks; coordination with the home gynecologic cancer team; repeat procedures as indicated. The number of treatments is decided with the patient's physician.
Agents. The injected immunotherapy is a multi-agent combination. The agents and doses are set per patient by the treating physician.
The immune conversion cycle, in clinical terms. Ablation disrupts the tumor and exposes its full antigen repertoire, not a pre-selected subset. The injected immunotherapy then remodels the tumor microenvironment, priming, recruiting and activating immune cells and releasing the brakes on them. Immune-mediated lysis exposes further antigens, which re-prime the response (epitope spreading), producing a broader, polyclonal, systemic response with memory, converting a cold tumor hot. This is WCI’s stated rationale, in Dr. Goodyear’s framing, borne out in our clinical observations.
Evidence. The published basis for intratumoral delivery is preclinical: in mice with colorectal tumors and no ablation, anti-CTLA-4 injected into a tumor reached about 14 times the day-7 level of intravenous dosing in that tumor; the untreated tumor received no more than with intravenous dosing, and half the dose reached the blood within an hour [1]. That is mouse data in colorectal cancer, not endometrial cancer; it does not test ablation and does not support a distant-site effect. WCI's own material also refers to a study of intraperitoneal checkpoint delivery in recurrent ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer after first- and second-line treatment, on which the online candidacy check's uterine criteria are built; the route described on this page is intratumoral. No randomized trial of ablation plus intratumoral immunotherapy in endometrial cancer exists.
No uterine case with scans and a written record is on file yet. The patient accounts on this page are patients' own words, not medical records. Sources
- Meyblum L, et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023. PMID 37949616. DOI 10.1136/jitc-2023-007433.