Standard care. Early disease: radical hysterectomy, or chemoradiation with brachytherapy. Locally advanced disease: concurrent chemoradiation and brachytherapy, with pembrolizumab in selected cases. Recurrent or metastatic disease: pembrolizumab with chemotherapy and bevacizumab (KEYNOTE-826), then tisotumab vedotin (Tivdak); after that, options narrow.
Ablation alone. Ablation alone gives local control only; heat-based ablation is limited in the pelvis because tumors sit against the bladder, rectum, ureters and iliac vessels.
This approach. Image-guided ablation of the pelvic tumor, combined in the same session with a multi-agent intratumoral immunotherapy injected into the ablation bed. Pulsed electric field (PEF) ablation, a non-thermal method, is used where the tumor lies against structures heat would injure; cryoablation is used where the anatomy allows. It is intended for recurrent or metastatic disease that has progressed on the standard lines, for oligoprogressive disease, and in selected locally advanced cases alongside chemoradiation. In our clinical observations, the immune response reaches untreated tumors elsewhere.
The procedure, step by step
- Case review. Pelvic MRI, PET-CT and biomarker reports (PD-L1 CPS, HPV genotype, MSI) are read by the Williams Cancer Institute team.
- Protocol design. The intratumoral combination is chosen from HPV status, immune profile and treatment history.
- Guidance and ablation. Image-guided percutaneous access to the pelvic tumor. PEF ablation for tumors against the bladder, rectum, ureters or iliac vessels; cryoablation where the anatomy allows.
- Intratumoral immunotherapy. Through the same access, a multi-agent combination is injected into the ablation bed.
- Setting and time. About an hour for the procedure under conscious sedation, and about two hours of recovery. Most procedures are outpatient under conscious sedation; general anesthesia or an overnight stay is rarely required.
- Follow-up. Imaging at 6 to 8 weeks. Repeat procedures as indicated; the number of treatments is decided with the patient's physician. The home gynecologic-oncology team is kept informed throughout.
Agents. The injected immunotherapy is a multi-agent combination. The agents and doses are set per patient by the treating physician.
The immune conversion cycle, in clinical terms. Ablation disrupts the tumor and exposes its full antigen repertoire, not a pre-selected subset. The injected immunotherapy then remodels the tumor microenvironment, priming, recruiting and activating immune cells and releasing the brakes on them. Immune-mediated lysis exposes further antigens, which re-prime the response (epitope spreading), producing a broader, polyclonal, systemic response with memory, converting a cold tumor hot. This is WCI’s stated rationale, in Dr. Goodyear’s framing, borne out in our clinical observations.
Rationale. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by HPV, so the tumor carries viral proteins (E6 and E7) that the immune system can in principle recognize as foreign; the tumor suppresses that response. WCI's rationale is that ablation exposes those viral antigens and that the injected agents amplify immune recognition of them at the site. This is what we see in our clinical observations.
Evidence, and its limits. In mice with colorectal tumors and no ablation, anti-CTLA-4 injected into a tumor reached about 14 times the day-7 level of IV dosing in that tumor; the untreated tumor received no more than with IV dosing, and half the dose reached the blood within an hour [1]. That is mouse data in a colorectal model, not cervical; it does not test ablation or show a distant-site effect. There is no published WCI series in cervical cancer and no randomized trial of this combination. Sources
- Meyblum L, et al. J Immunother Cancer 2023. PMID 37949616. DOI 10.1136/jitc-2023-007433.